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Agra,
the city of the Taj Mahal and once the capital of the Mughal empire, has
several monuments which display the splendour of Mughal architecture.
It was here that Babar, the founder of the dynasty, had the first formal
Persian garden laid out on the banks of the river Yamuna.
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So
called because of the red stone with which it is built, the Red Fort is one
of the most magnificent palaces in the world. India's history is also closely
linked with this fort. It was frorth here ht the British deposed the last Mughal
ruler, Bhadur Shah Zafar, marking the end of the three century long Mughal rule.
It was also fromits ramparts that the first prime. Minister of India, pandit
Jawharlal Nehru, announced to the nation that India was free form colonial rule.
Residence
of the senior queens, the Rang Mahal (hall of colours ) has a central hall
surrounded by six apartments. The apartments are assured privacy by intricately
carved screens which do not hinder the free flow of fresh air and light. The
stream of paradise flows through the main hall, and is marked in the centre
by a huge lotus shaped marble basin with an ivory fountain.
Constructed by Emperor Aurangzeb in 1662 as his private mosque Moti Masjid
(pearl mosque) is built with highly polished marble. The mosque is a good
example of the Mughal fetish for symmetry with cusped arches, sinuous decorative
designs, carved cornices and bulbous domes.
Other building of interest in the Red Fort complex are the Musamman Burg (Octagonal
tower), Khwabgah (bedroom) and the Hammam (royal baths).
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